Mexico City

Mexico City, , CDMX |Maya: |Otomi: }}}} is the capital and most populous city of Mexico, as well as the most populous city in North America. It is one of the most important cultural and financial centers in the world, and is classified as an Alpha world city according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) 2024 ranking. Mexico City is located in the Valley of Mexico within the high Mexican central plateau, at an altitude of . The city has 16 boroughs or , which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or .

The 2020 population for the city proper was 9,209,944, with a land area of , making it the primate city of Mexico and the second largest Spanish-speaking city proper in the world after Lima, Peru. According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21,804,515, which makes it the world's sixth-largest metropolitan area and the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere (behind São Paulo, Brazil). Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $411 billion in 2011, which makes it one of the most productive urban areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's GDP, and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of the country's GDP. If it were an independent country in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America.

Mexico City is the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Indigenous peoples. The city was originally built on a group of islands in Lake Texcoco by the Mexica around 1325, under the name Tenochtitlan. It was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as , and beginning in 1585, it was officially known as (Mexico City). Mexico City played a major role in the Spanish colonial empire as a political, administrative, and financial center. Following independence from Spain, the region around and containing the city was established as the new and only Mexican federal district ( or ''DF'') in 1824.

After years of demanding greater political autonomy, in 1997 residents were finally given the right to elect both a head of government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by election. Ever since, left-wing parties (first the Party of the Democratic Revolution and later the National Regeneration Movement) have controlled both of them. The city has several progressive policies, such as elective abortions, a limited form of euthanasia, no-fault divorce, same-sex marriage, and legal gender change. On 29 January 2016, it ceased to be the ''Federal District'' () and is now officially known as (). These 2016 reforms gave the city a greater degree of autonomy and made changes to its governance and political power structures. A clause in the Constitution of Mexico, however, prevents it from becoming a state within the Mexican federation, as long as it remains the capital of the country. Provided by Wikipedia