Utilization of BA (boiler ash) as Catalyst for Transesterification of Palm Olein

BA (boiler ash) (empty fruit bunch ash) was used as a source of pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm olein. BA successfully transesterified palm olein at mild reaction conditions (3 wt.% dried BA, 15:1 methanol:oil molar ratio, reaction temperature of 60 C and reaction ti...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gaanty Pragas, Maniam, Boey, Peng Lim, Shangeetha, Ganesan, Sze-Xooi, Lim, Sau-Lai, Lim, Melati, Khairuddean
Format: Article
Published: Elsevier 2011
Subjects:
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.09.005
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.09.005
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/4091/1/fist-2011-gaanty-utilization_of_BA_abs_only.pdf
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