Effect of heating rate on gas emissions and properties of fired clay bricks and fired clay bricks incorporated with cigarette butts
In general, the firing process of clay bricks generates a range of gas emissions into the atmosphere. At high concentrations, these volatile emissions can be a serious source of environmental pollutions. The main purpose of this studywas to evaluate the effect of different heating rates on gas emiss...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.12.005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.12.005 http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/6291/1/aeslina_abdul_kadir_U.pdf |
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| Summary: | In general, the firing process of clay bricks generates a range of gas emissions into the atmosphere. At high
concentrations, these volatile emissions can be a serious source of environmental pollutions. The main purpose
of this studywas to evaluate the effect of different heating rates on gas emissions and properties during the firing
of clay bricks and clay bricks incorporated with cigarette butts (CBs). In this investigation, four different heating
rates were used: 0.7 °C min−1, 2 °C min−1, 5 °C min−1 and 10 °C min−1. The samples were fired in solid form
from room temperature to 1050 °C. During the firing cycles, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides,
hydrogen cyanide and chlorine emissions were measured at different heating rates. All bricks were also tested
for their physical and mechanical properties including dry density, compressive strength, tensile strength,
water absorption and initial rate of absorption. Results show that gas emissions were reduced significantly
with higher heating rates (10 °C min) followed by 5 °C min−1 and 2 °C min−1 for both types of brick samples.
Higher heating rates also decrease the compressive strength and tensile strength value but demonstrate an
insignificant effect on the water absorption properties respectively. In conclusion, a higher heating rate is
preferable in terms of decreasing gas emissions and it is also able to produce adequate physical and mechanical
properties especially for the CB brick. |
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