A study into prolonging wireless sensor network lifetime during disaster scenarios
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has wide potential for many applications. It can be employed for normal monitoring applications, for example, the monitoring of environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and pressure. A WSN is deployed in an area to sense these environmen...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Published: |
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/7738/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/7738/1/Ansar_Jamil.pdf |
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| Summary: | A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has wide potential for many applications. It
can be employed for normal monitoring applications, for example, the monitoring
of environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and
pressure. A WSN is deployed in an area to sense these environmental conditions
and send information about them to a sink. In certain locations, disasters such as
forest _res, oods, volcanic eruptions and earth-quakes can happen in the monitoring
area. During the disaster, the events being monitored have the potential
to destroy the sensing devices; for example, they can be sunk in a ood, burnt
in a _re, damaged in harmful chemicals, and burnt in volcano lava etc.
There is an opportunity to exploit the energy of these nodes before they are totally
destroyed to save the energy of the other nodes in the safe area. This can
prolong WSN lifetime during the critical phase. In order to investigate this idea,
this research proposes a new routing protocol called Maximise Unsafe Path Routing
Protocol (MUP) routing using IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area
Networks (6LoWPAN). The routing protocol aims to exploit the energy of the
nodes that are going to be destroyed soon due to the environment, by concentrating
packets through these nodes. MUP adapts with the environmental conditions.
This is achieved by classifying four di_erent levels of threat based on the sensor
reading information and neighbour node condition, and represents this as the
node health status, which is included as one parameter in the routing decision.
High priority is given to a node in an unsafe condition compared to another node
in a safer condition. MUP does not allow packet routing through a node that
is almost failed in order to avoid packet loss when the node fails. To avoid the
energy wastage caused by selecting a route that requires a higher energy cost to
deliver a packet to the sink, MUP always forwards packets through a node that
has the minimum total path cost. MUP is designed as an extension of RPL, an
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard routing protocol in a WSN, and
is implemented in the Contiki Operating System (OS). The performance of MUP
is evaluated using simulations and test-bed experiments. The results demonstrate
that MUP provides a longer network lifetime during a critical phase of typically
about 20% when compared to RPL, but with a trade-o_ lower packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay performances. This network lifetime improvement is
crucial for the WSN to operate for as long as possible to detect and monitor the
environment during a critical phase in order to save human life, minimise loss of
property and save wildlife.
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