Bioaugmentation process of secondary effluents for reduction of pathogens, heavy metals and antibiotics
The study probed into reducing faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals and β-lactam antibiotics, from four types of secondary effluents by bioaugmentation process, which was conducted with Bacillus subtilis strain at 45 Celsius. As a result, faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
IWA Publishing
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8478/ |
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| Summary: | The study probed into reducing faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals and β-lactam
antibiotics, from four types of secondary effluents by bioaugmentation process, which was
conducted with Bacillus subtilis strain at 45 Celsius. As a result, faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria
were reduced due to the effect of thermal treatment process (45 Celsius), while the removal of heavy
metals and β-lactam antibiotics was performed through the functions of bioaccumulation and
biodegradation processes of B. subtilis. Faecal coliform met the guidelines outlined by WHO and
U. S. EPA standards after 4 and 16 days, respectively. Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus
were reduced to below the detection limits without renewed growth in the final effluents determined
by using a culture-based method. Furthermore, 13.5% and 56.1% of cephalexin had been removed,
respectively, from secondary effluents containing 1 g of cephalexin L^(-1) (secondary effluent 3), as well
as 1 g of cephalexin L^(-1) and 10 mg of Ni2þ L^(-1) (secondary effluent 4) after 16 days. The treatment
process, eventually, successfully removed 96.6% and 66.3% of Ni^(2+) ions from the secondary
effluents containing 10 mg of Ni^(2+) L^(-1) (secondary effluent 2) and E4, respectively. The
bioaugmentation process improved the quality of secondary effluents. |
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